Answer: B 

Explanation: 

A switch uses a separate collision domain for each port, and each VLAN is a separate broadcast domain. 

Topic 3, Routing Fundamentals 

Answer: A 

Explanation: Link State Routing Protocols 

Link state protocols are also called shortest-path-first protocols. Link state routing protocols have a complete picture of the network topology. Hence they know more about the whole network than any distance vector protocol. Three separate tables are created on each link state routing enabled router. One table is used to hold details about directly connected neighbors, one is used to hold the topology of the entire internetwork and the last one is used to hold the actual routing table. Link state protocols send information about directly connected links to all the routers in the network. Examples of Link state routing protocols include OSPF - Open Shortest Path First and IS-IS - Intermediate System to Intermediate System. There are also routing protocols that are considered to be hybrid in the sense that they use aspects of both distance vector and link state protocols. EIGRP - Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is one of those hybrid routing protocols. 

Answer: B,D,F 

Explanation: 

Connecting IPv6 islands with tunnels An IPv6 island is a network made of IPv6 links directly connected by IPv6 routers. In the early days of IPv6 deployment, there are many IPv6 islands. IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels are used to connect those islands together. In each island, one (or more) dual stack routers are designated to encapsulate and decapsulate IPv6 packets within IPv4 packets. Different mechanisms have been developed to manage tunnels: automatic tunnels3, configured tunnels3, tunnel brokers3, 6over43, 6to43,... Reference 2: http://www.petri.co.il/ipv6-transition.htm Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) The NAT-PT method enables the ability to either statically or dynamically configure a translation of a IPv4 network address into an IPv6 network address and vice versa. For those familiar with more typically NAT implementations, the operation is very similar but includes a protocol translation function. NAT-PT also ties in an Application Layer Gateway (ALG) functionality that converts Domain Name System (DNS) mappings between protocols. 

Dual Stack The simplest approach when transitioning to IPv6 is to run IPv6 on all of the devices that are currently running IPv4. If this is something that is possible within the organizational network, it is very easy to implement. However, for many organizations, IPv6 is not supported on all of the IPv4 devices; in these situations other methods must be considered. 

Reference: http://www.opus1.com/ipv6/howdoitransitiontoipv6.html 

Answer: C 

Explanation: 

TCP is an example of a connection-oriented protocol. It requires a logical connection to be established between the two processes before data is exchanged. The connection must be maintained during the entire time that communication is taking place, then released afterwards. The process is much like a telephone call, where a virtual circuit is established--the caller must know the person's telephone number and the phone must be answered--before the message can be delivered. TCP/IP is also a connection-oriented transport with orderly release. With orderly release, any data remaining in the buffer is sent before the connection is terminated. The release is accomplished in a three-way handshake between client and server processes. The connection-oriented protocols in the OSI protocol suite, on the other hand, do not support orderly release. Applications perform any handshake necessary for ensuring orderly release. Examples of services that use connection-oriented transport services are telnet, rlogin, and ftp. 

Answer: A,C 

Explanation: 

A primary function of a router is to forward packets toward their destination. This is accomplished by using a switching function, which is the process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it out of another interface. A key responsibility of the switching function is to encapsulate packets in the appropriate data link frame type for the outgoing data link and determining the next hop device to send the frame to. 

Answer: C 

Answer: B 

Explanation: 

Looking at the configuration of R1, we see that R1 is configured with a hello interval of 25 on interface Ethernet 0/1 while R2 is left with the default of 10 (not configured). 

Answer: B 

Explanation: 

This module describes how to configure Network Address Translation (NAT) for IP address conservation and how to configure inside and outside source addresses. This module also provides information about the benefits of configuring NAT for IP address conservation. NAT enables private IP internetworks that use nonregistered IP addresses to connect to the Internet. NAT operates on a device, usually connecting two networks, and translates the private (not globally unique) addresses in the internal network into legal addresses before packets are forwarded onto another network. NAT can be configured to advertise to the outside world only one address for the entire network. This ability provides additional security by effectively hiding the entire internal network behind that one address. NAT is also used at the enterprise edge to allow internal users access to the Internet and to allow Internet access to internal devices such as mail servers. 

Answer: Router>enable 

Router#config terminal Router(config)#hostname Apopka 2) Enable-secret password (cisco10): Apopka(config)#enable secret cisco10 3) Set the console password to RouterPass: Apopka(config)#line console 0 Apopka(config-line)#password RouterPass Apopka(config-line)#login Apopka(config-line)#exit 4) Set the Telnet password to scan90: Apopka(config)#line vty 0 4 Apopka(config-line)#password scan90 Apopka(config-line)#login Apopka(config-line)#exit 5) Configure Ethernet interface (on the right) of router Apopka: The subnet mask of the Ethernet network 209.165.201.0 is 27. From this subnet mask, we can find out the increment by converting it into binary form, that is /27 = 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000. Pay more attention to the last bit 1 because it tells us the increment, using the formula: Increment = 2place of the last bit 1 (starts counting from 0,from right to left), in this case increment = 25 = 32. Therefore: Increment: 32 Network address: 209.165.201.0 Broadcast address: 209.165.201.31 (because 209.165.201.32 is the second subnetwork, so the previous IP - 209.165.201.31 - is the broadcast address of the first subnet). -> The second assignable host address of this subnetwork is 209.165.201.2/27 Assign the second assignable host address to Fa0/0 interface of Apopka router: Apopka(config)#interface Fa0/0 Apopka(config-if)#ip address 209.165.201.2 255.255.255.224 Apopka(config-if)#no shutdown Apopka(config-if)#exit 6) Configure Serial interface (on the left) of router Apopka: Using the same method to find out the increment of the Serial network: Serial network 192.0.2.128/28: Increment: 16 (/28 = 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 0000) Network address: 192.0.2.128 (because 8 * 16 = 128 so 192.0.2.128 is also the network address of this subnet) Broadcast address: 192.0.2.143 -> The last assignable host address in this subnet is 192.0.2.142/28. Assign the last assignable host address to S0/0/0 interface of Apopka router: Apopka(config)#interface S0/0/0 (or use interface S0/0 if not successful) Apopka(config-if)#ip address 192.0.2.142 255.255.255.240 Apopka(config-if)#no shutdown Apopka(config-if)#exit 7) Configure RIP v2 routing protocol: Apopka(config)#router rip Apopka(config-router)#version 2 Apopka(config-router)#network 209.165.201.0 Apopka(config-router)#network 192.0.2.128 Apopka(config-router)#end Save the configuration: Apopka#copy running-config startup-config Finally, you should use the ping command to verify all are working properly! 

Topic 7, Mix Questions 

Answer: B 

Explanation: 

209.165.201.23 to 209.165.201.30 provides for 8 addresses.